铝型材挤压模有分流组合模、平面模两种结构形式。分别见图1,图2。模具的尺寸见表1。
表 1 铝型材挤压模具尺寸
挤压机 (MN) | 模具轮廓 | 挤 压 筒 内 径 | |||||
70 ~100 | >100 ~130 | >130 ~160 | >160 ~180 | >180 ~200 | >200 ~260 | ||
<4.9 | D | 120 140 | |||||
H1 | 140 | ||||||
H2 | 120 | ||||||
<4.9 | D | 140 160 180 | |||||
H1 | 140 160 180 | ||||||
H2 | 100 120 | ||||||
<4.9 | D | 180 200 220 | |||||
H1 | 180 200 | ||||||
H2 | 110 130 | ||||||
<4.9 | D | 220 240 | |||||
H1 | 180 200 | ||||||
H2 | 110 130 | ||||||
<4.9 | D | 220 240 | |||||
H1 | 200 | ||||||
H2 | 140 150 | ||||||
<4.9 | D | 240 300 360 | |||||
H1 | 200 220 240 | ||||||
H2 | 180 200 |
注: ① D≥1.45~1.60Dm,Dm 为铝型材的最大外接圆直径。
② 在保证 H1、H2 的基础上,允许采用其它结构。
3.1 制造铝型材挤压模具用钢
3.1.1 模具用钢采用电渣重熔钢或炉外精炼钢,允许采用电炉钢。
3.1.2 模具用 4Cr5MoSiVi,模垫用 5CrNiMo,钢的化学成分及其它技术条件应符合 GB 1299 的要求。
3.2 铝型材挤压模具的模坯
3.2.1 模坯尺寸应符合 GB 908 的要求。
3.2.2 模坯应按 GB 231 的方法测定布氏硬度,并满足 GB 1299 的要求。
3.2.3 模坯的心部与边部的冲击值 αk 比应 ≥ 0.80。
3.3 铝型材挤压模具的制造精度
铝型材挤压模具的制造精度优先满足模具设计图的要求,若无特殊要求应符合表 1 的规定。
3.4 铝型材挤压模具的热处理
3.4.1 铝型材挤压模具的热处理设备必须有防氧化措施,并优先采用真空炉。
3.4.2 模具淬火后必须及时充分回火。
3.4.3 模具热处理后应按 GB 230 检验硬度,模具的硬度范围 48~52 HRC,模垫硬度范围 44~49 HRC。按 GB 224 检验脱碳层深度 < 0.2 mm。有特殊要求按供需双方协议执行。
3.5 铝型材挤压模具的表面处理
3.5.1 为提高模具的耐磨性和工作带的表面质量,可选择渗氮、氮碳共渗或多元共渗等表面处理工艺。
3.5.2 为延长模具寿命提高模具表面硬度,减少应力集中应在模具使用一段时间后再次进行表面处理。
3.5.3 铝型材挤压模具经表面处理后应符合:
硬度800~1100 HV;扩散层厚度 0.075~0.15 mm。
4.1 铝型材挤压模具的验收按本技术条件 4.3~4.4 条规定进行。
4.2 铝型材挤压模具的制造精度的检验工具或手段应符合表 2 的要求。
4.3 铝型材挤压模具的综合质量应在正常的挤压工艺下用试模方法来检验。试模挤压出的铝型材质量,建筑型材符合 GB 5237 、工业型材符合 GB 6892 或铝型材图要求的模具为合格产品。
表 2
序号 | 项 目 | 精度 | 检验工具与手段 |
1 | 模具外径 D mm | 0 -0.25 | 卡尺 |
2 | 模具厚度 H1、H2 mm | +0.10 0 | 卡尺 |
3 | 模具端面平行度 | 6级 GB 1184 | 千分表 |
4 | 止口深度 mm | ±0.15 | 深度尺 |
5 | 止口对外圆的同轴度 | 8级 GB 1184 | 千分表 |
6 | 平面模导流口尺寸 | 15级 GB 1184 | 卡尺 |
7 | 平面模导流口底面粗糙度 | 0.8 μm | 粗糙度对比块 |
8 | 分流组合模分流孔尺寸 | m级 GB/T 1804 | 卡尺 |
9 | 分流组合模分流孔粗糙度 | 1.6 μm | 粗糙度对比块 |
10 | 模孔 mm | 0 -0.08 | 千分尺、量块、卡尺 |
11 | 工作带长度 mm | ±0.2 | 卡尺 |
12 | 工作带粗糙度 | 0.4 μm | 粗糙度对比块 |
13 | 工作带垂直度 | ±15’ | 三维测量仪,允许采用间接方法来检验 |
14 | 凹、凸模的同轴度 | 13级 GB 1184 | 卡尺 |
Taper keys of keyways
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Fasteners-Ends of parts with external thread(ISO 4753:2011, MOD)
Fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs - Nominal lengths and thread lengths (ISO 888:2012, MOD)
Countersinks for countersunk head screws
Connections with waisted stud - Tape classification
Flared couplings - Flared end
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Knurl
Drill diameter for use prior to tapping screw threads
Square and rectangular keyways
Woodruff keyways
General purpose bolts and screws - Radius under the head
Center holes
Rivet shank diameters (except blind rivets)【ISO 1051:1999】
Stress area and bearing area for threaded fasteners
Countersunk flat head screws - Part2: Penetration depth of cross recesses
Offset cruciform recess fro rotary fastening devices
Clearance holes for rivets
Hot-rolled channel steel
Hexagon lobuar for fasteners - Type E
Fasteners - Clearanc holes for bolts and screws
Fasteners - Split pin holes and wire holes (ISO 7378:1983)
Countersunk head screws - Head configuration and gauging
Cross recesses for screws
Fastners - Widths across flats of hexagon products
Self-tapping screws for metric ISO threads - Part 2: Guide values for hole diameters
Thread run-outs and thread undercuts
Tapping screw connections - Guideline values for core hole diameters and use
12 point socket for bolts and screws
60° centre holes - Types R. A. B. and C
Thread rolling screws for ISO metric thread guidelinge values for hole diameters
Thread ends and lengths of projection of bolt ends for metric ISO threads according to DIN 13
Knurle
Connections for hydraulic fluid power and general use - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 metric threads and O-ring sealing - Part 1: Ports with truncated housing for O-ring
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 228-1 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 1: Threaded ports
Dimensioning and indication of knurling
Fasteners—Ends of parts with external ISO metric thread
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 228-1 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 4: Stud ends for general use only with metal-to-metal sealing (type B)
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation
General purpose bolts and screws─Metric series─Radii under the head
Rivet shank diameters
Aerospace - Spline drives - Wrenching configuration - Metric series
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 1: Threaded ports
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 2: Stud ends with elastomeric sealing (type E)
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 3: Stud ends with metal-to-metal sealing (type B)
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 725 threads and O-ring sealing - Part 3: Light-duty (L series) stud ends
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part2:Nuts
Countersunk flat hed screws—Part 2:Penetration depth of cross recesses
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part1:Bolts,screws and studs for general requirements
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part3:Bolts,screw and studs for special requirements
Internal drive, offset cruciform recess (Torq-Set) for rotary fastening devices. Metric series
Fasteners—Thread undercuts for external metric ISO
Cross recessed-H type
Cross recessed-Z type
Countersunk head screws—Head configuration and guaging
Fasteners—Hexagon products—Widths across flats
Fasteners─Clearance holes for bolts and screws
Thread run-out for fasteners with thread in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262
Copper tubes of circular section - Dimensions
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
General purpose bolts and screws - Metric series -- Radii under the head
Straight cylindrical involute splines -- side fit -- Generalities, dimensions and inspection
Knurling
Automatic Cold Header - Hole Size
Recess Dimensions for Flat 82° Countersunk Head Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Types BF and BT Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Type D, F, G, and T Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Type TRS Tapping Screws
Standard Test-Plate Thickness and Hole Sizes for Drive-Test Inspection of Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Alternate Styles of Points for Thumb and Wing Screws
Hot rolled flat steel bars and steel wide flats for general purposes - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
Aerospace series - Installation holes for inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self-locking - Design standard
Countersunk head screws - Head configuration and gauging
Fasteners - Clearanc holes for bolts and screws
Standard Test-Plate Thickness and Hole Sizes for Drive-Test Inspection of Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Types BF and BT Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Type D, F, G, and T Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Type TRS Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Hexagon Sockets
Body and grip lengths for socket head cap screws
Metic threads and points for tapping screws
Type BF and BT, Thread Cutting Tapping Screws [Table 7]
Type D,F,G and Type T Thread Cutting Tapping Screws [Table 8]
Aerospace series - Six lobe recess - Dimensions and tolerances
Threaded ends of fitting