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4 材料和机械性能等级
4.1 机械性能
表1给出了最低工作温度可达-200℃的奥氏体钢紧固件。该材料的性能应符合GB/T 3098.6和GB/T 3098.15的规定。
表1 符合GB/T3098.6和GB/T 3098.15奥氏体钢紧固件的最低工作温度
持续工作的最低 (近似值) | 钢的组别a | 性能等级 | |
螺栓 | 螺母 | ||
-60℃b
-200℃c | A2L A2 A3 A4L A4 A5 | 50
70 | 50 70 80 |
注:高于这些温度,对使用没有影响。低于这些温度,应按使用条件,进行相应的性能试验. | |||
a 铜含量≤1% (按GB/T 3098.6和GB/T 3098.15的规定)。 b 有头螺栓。 c 螺柱。 |
适用于高温达+700℃的钢和镍合金钢,见表2。该材料性能应符合DIN EN 10269的表4对热处理状态的规定。
通常,对紧固件可按DINEN 10269的表5、表C.1和表D.1确定高温规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力、抗蠕变强度,以及松弛性能的参考数据。
对有附加条件的情况,则应按有关约定。这些要求与AD2000—说明书W2、W7和W10 有关,涉及VdTUV材料分册WB113/2、WB 435/3和WB 490或蒸汽锅炉的规范TRD 106,或对于一些奥氏体材料的限制。
表2 DIN EN10269 钢和镍合金钢适用的工作温度
DIN EN 10269规定的 工作温度范围 | 材料 | 螺栓和/或 螺母硬度/HV | ||||||
min | 短时间a max | 长时间b max | 缩写 | 编号 | 牌号 | 状态 | min | max |
-120℃ | / | / | KB | 1.5680 | X12Ni5 | +NT | 157 | 203 |
+QT | 173 | 235 | ||||||
/ | 400℃ | 500℃ | Yd | 1.1181 | C35E | +N | 150 | 200 |
/ | 400℃ | 500℃ | YK | 1.1181 | C35E | +QT | 165 | 210 |
/ | 400℃ | / | YB | 1.5511 | 35B2g | +QT | 165 | 210 |
-60℃ | 500℃ | 550℃ | KG | 1.7218 | 25CrMo4 | +QT | 195 | 240 |
-100℃ | 500℃ | / | GC | 1.7225 | 42CrMo4 | +QT | 275 | 337 |
/ | 500℃ | 550℃ | GA | 1.7709 | 21CrMoV5-7 | +QT | 225 | 272 |
/ | 600℃ | 550℃ | GB | 1.7711 | 40CrMoV46 | +QT | 272 | 320 |
/ | 550℃ | 600℃ | Ve | 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 | +QT 1e | 256 | 303 |
/ | 550℃ | 600℃ | VHf | 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 | +QT 2f | 287 | 367 |
/ | 600℃ | 600℃ | VW | 1.4913 | X19CrMoNbVN11-1 | +QT | 287 | 367 |
/ | 650℃ | 670℃ | S | 1.4986 | X7CrNiMoBNb16-16 | +WW+P | 210 | 272 |
-196℃ | 650℃ | 650℃ | SD | 1.4980 | X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 | +AT+P | 287 | 367 |
-196℃ | 650℃ | 800℃ | SB | 2.4952 | NiCr20TiAl | +AT+P | 320 | 417 |
a 给出屈服强度和抗拉强度的温度上限。 b 给出蠕变极限和持久强度极限的温度上限。 c DIN EN 10269的表4中的各种状态: +N :正火; +NT:正火和回火; +QT:淬火并回火; +WW:热加工硬化; +AT:固溶; + P:时效硬化。 d 仅对螺母。 e 缩写V按DIN EN 10269,材料X22CrMoV12-1机械加工试件的规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力Rp0.2 ≥ 600 N/mm2 (+QT1)。 f 缩写VH按DIN EN 10269,材料X22CrMoV12-1机械加工试件的规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力Rp0.2 ≥ 600 N/mm2 (+QT2)。 g 也可参阅VdTUV材料分册WB 490。 |
4.2 螺栓连接副的承载能力
4.2.1 通则
由螺栓和螺母组成的一个连接副,必须符合以下要求,方可认为是全承载能力的:
——相配的螺栓和螺母分别是全承载能力的,螺母还应符合:对粗牙螺母,不低于1型螺母高度,或对细牙螺母,不低于2型螺母高度;
——螺纹公差相配适当,如6H/6g3);
——螺母材料的抗拉强度应高于螺栓材料抗拉强度的70%;
——螺栓与螺母材料的合理匹配见表3。
注:如果按表3选取螺栓材料,并采用了受力套管时,则该受力套管应优先选择与螺栓相同的材料。
——————————
3) 杆部降低承载能力的腰状杆螺柱,见GB/T 13807.2和GB/T 13807.3。其螺纹公差GB/T 3103.4规定。
4.2.2 全承载能力的的螺栓
断裂时,满足以下要求的螺栓,方可认为是全承载能力的:
——对螺栓实物进行拉力试验时,能够达到表4a或表5a的最小拉力载荷(Rm,min×As,公称);
——对表2由钢和镍铬钢制造的螺栓按GB/T 3098.1进行试验时,断裂应发生在未旋合螺纹的长度内;
——对表1由奥氏体钢制造的螺栓按GB/T 3098.6进行试验时,断裂应发生在未旋合螺纹的长度内或无螺纹杆部。
4.2.3 全承载能力的螺母
断裂时,满足以下要求的螺母,方可认为是全承载能力的:
——螺母能够承受表4a或表5a给出的螺栓最小拉力载荷(Rm,min×As,公称);
——圆螺母的外径或六角螺母对边宽度最小值符合GB/T 3104的规定;
——粗牙螺母高度最小值符合1型,细牙螺母高度最小值符合2型的规定。
表3 螺栓与螺母材料的合理匹配
| 螺栓 | 螺母 | |||||||||||||||||
奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 钢和镍合金钢 | 保证应力a S p /(N/mm2) | |||||||||||||||||
50 | 70 | KB | YK | YB | KG | GA | GB | GC | V | VH | VW | S | SD | SB | 粗牙 | 细牙 | |||
1型 | 2型 | ||||||||||||||||||
螺 母 | 奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 50 | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 629b | 725b |
70 | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 800b | 875b | ||
80 | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 886b | 950b | ||
钢和镍合金钢 | KB | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 654 | 748 | |
Y | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 714 | 800 | ||
YK | - | - | - | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 714 | 800 | ||
YB | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 714 | 800 | ||
KG | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 800 | 875 | ||
GA | - | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | 937 | 995 | ||
GB | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | 937 | 995 | ||
GC | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | - | - | - | 937 | 995 | ||
V | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | 971 | 1025 | ||
VH | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | 971 | 1025 | ||
VW | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | ○ | ○ | - | - | - | 971 | 1025 | ||
S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | - | - | 775 | 838 | ||
SD | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | - | 971 | 1025 | ||
SB | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ○ | 1057 | 1100 | ||
螺 栓 | 抗拉强度Rm/(N/mm2) | max | - | - | 710 | 650 | 650 | 750 | 850 | 1000 | 1060 | 950 | 1050 | 1050 | 850 | 1150 | 1300 |
| |
min | 500 | 700 | 530 | 500 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 850 | 860 | 800 | 900 | 900 | 650 | 900 | 1000 | ||||
注: “●”优先匹配的;“○”允许匹配的;“-”不推荐的。 | |||||||||||||||||||
a 在确定保证应力时,考虑试验芯棒的硬度应高于与螺母匹配的螺栓的硬度。但螺母的保证应力应当高于匹配的螺栓中最高性能等级的最小抗拉强度值。 b 为了在检测中识别全承载能力的螺母,必须施加比GB/T 3098.15提高了的保证应力。按GB/T 3098.15对70级和80级的要求,大批量生产较小规格的螺母时,通常采用冷加工;只对50级的大规格螺母采用热加工。若按本标准对特殊螺母的要求,小批量生产大多数采用棒料经切削加工而成。这些棒料由于冷作硬化(拉拔)变形的不均匀性,在其横截面内各点的机械性能也不均匀。因此,这样制造的螺母存在着风险,即在检验保证载荷时,虽然采用了淬硬试棒,但测定的保证应力只能达到GB/T 3098.15规定的较低的保证应力值。所以,与一个较软的螺栓匹配时,不能达到最小拉力载荷。因此,这里要求采用较高的保证应力。 |
表4a 粗牙螺纹螺栓的最小拉力载荷(As,公称×R m, min /kN)
螺纹规格 | 螺纹应力截面积As,公称/mm2 | 奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 钢和镍合金钢 | |||||||||||
50 | 70 | KB | YK YB | KG | GA | GB | GC | V | VH VW | S | SD | SB | ||
M3 | 5.03 | 2.52 | 3.52 | 2.67 | 2.52 | 3.02 | 3.52 | 4.28 | 4.33 | 4.02 | 4.53 | 3.27 | 4.53 | 5.03 |
M3.5 | 6.78 | 3.39 | 4.75 | 3.59 | 3.39 | 4.07 | 4.75 | 5.76 | 5.83 | 5.42 | 6.10 | 4.41 | 6.10 | 6.78 |
M4 | 8.78 | 4.39 | 6.15 | 4.65 | 4.39 | 5.27 | 6.15 | 7.46 | 7.55 | 7.02 | 7.90 | 5.71 | 7.90 | 8.78 |
M5 | 14.2 | 7.10 | 9.94 | 7.53 | 7.1 | 8.52 | 9.94 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 9.23 | 12.8 | 14.2 |
M6 | 20.1 | 10.1 | 14.1 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 17.3 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 13.1 | 18.1 | 20.1 |
M7 | 28.9 | 14.5 | 20.2 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 20.2 | 24.6 | 24.9 | 23.1 | 26.0 | 18.8 | 26.0 | 28.9 |
M8 | 36.6 | 18.3 | 25.6 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 25.6 | 31.1 | 31.5 | 29.3 | 32.9 | 23.8 | 32.9 | 36.6 |
M10 | 58.0 | 29.0 | 40.6 | 30.7 | 29.0 | 34.8 | 40.6 | 49.3 | 49.9 | 46.4 | 52.2 | 37.7 | 52.2 | 58.0 |
M12 | 84.3 | 42.2 | 59.0 | 44.7 | 42.2 | 50.6 | 59.0 | 71.7 | 72.5 | 67.4 | 75.9 | 54.8 | 75.9 | 84.3 |
M14 | 115 | 57.5 | 80.5 | 61 | 57.5 | 69.0 | 80.5 | 97.8 | 98.9 | 92.0 | 104 | 74.8 | 104 | 115 |
M16 | 157 | 78.5 | 110 | 83.2 | 78.5 | 94.2 | 110 | 133 | 135 | 126 | 141 | 102 | 141 | 157 |
M18 | 192 | 96.0 | 134 | 102 | 96.0 | 115 | 134 | 163 | 165 | 154 | 173 | 125 | 173 | 192 |
M20 | 245 | 123 | 172 | 130 | 123 | 147 | 172 | 208 | 211 | 196 | 221 | 159 | 221 | 245 |
M22 | 303 | 152 | 212 | 161 | 152 | 182 | 212 | 258 | 261 | 242 | 273 | 197 | 273 | 303 |
M24 | 353 | 177 | 247 | 187 | 177 | 212 | 247 | 300 | 304 | 282 | 318 | 229 | 318 | 353 |
M27 | 459 | 230 | / | 243 | 230 | 275 | 321 | 390 | 395 | 367 | 413 | 298 | 413 | 459 |
M30 | 561 | 281 | / | 297 | 281 | 337 | 393 | 477 | 482 | 449 | 505 | 365 | 505 | 561 |
M33 | 694 | 347 | / | 368 | 347 | 416 | 486 | 590 | 597 | 555 | 625 | 451 | 625 | 694 |
M36 | 817 | 409 | / | 433 | 409 | 490 | 572 | 694 | 703 | 654 | 735 | 531 | 735 | 817 |
M39 | 976 | 488 | / | 517 | 488 | 586 | 683 | 830 | 839 | 781 | 878 | 634 | 878 | 976 |
表4b 粗牙螺纹螺母的保证载荷(As,公称×Sp/kN)
螺纹 规格 d | 螺纹应力截面积 AS,公称/mm2 | 奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 钢和镍合金钢 | |||||||||
50a | 70a | 80a | KB | Y YK YB | KG | GA GB GC | V VH VW | S | SD | SB | ||
M3 | 5.03 | 3.16 | 4.02 | 4.46 | 3.29 | 3.59 | 4.02 | 4.71 | 4.88 | 3.81 | 4.88 | 5.32 |
M3.5 | 6.78 | 4.26 | 5.42 | 6.01 | 4.43 | 4.84 | 5.42 | 6.35 | 6.58 | 5.13 | 6.58 | 7.17 |
M4 | 8.78 | 5.52 | 7.02 | 7.78 | 5.74 | 6.27 | 7.02 | 8.23 | 8.53 | 6.65 | 8.53 | 9.28 |
M5 | 14.2 | 8.93 | 11.4 | 12.6 | 9.29 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 13.3 | 13.8 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 15.0 |
M6 | 20.1 | 12.6 | 16.1 | 17.8 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.1 | 18.8 | 19.5 | 15.2 | 19.5 | 21.2 |
M7 | 28.9 | 18.2 | 23.1 | 25.6 | 18.9 | 20.6 | 23.1 | 27.1 | 28.1 | 21.9 | 28.1 | 30.5 |
M8 | 36.6 | 23.0 | 29.3 | 32.4 | 23.9 | 26.1 | 29.3 | 34.3 | 35.5 | 27.7 | 35.5 | 38.7 |
M10 | 58.0 | 36.5 | 46.4 | 51.4 | 37.9 | 41.4 | 46.4 | 54.3 | 56.3 | 43.9 | 56.3 | 61.3 |
M12 | 84.3 | 53.0 | 67.4 | 74.7 | 55.1 | 60.2 | 67.4 | 79.0 | 81.9 | 63.8 | 81.9 | 89.1 |
M14 | 115 | 72.3 | 92.0 | 102 | 75.2 | 82.1 | 92.0 | 108 | 112 | 87.1 | 112 | 122 |
M16 | 157 | 99 | 126 | 139 | 103 | 112 | 126 | 147 | 152 | 119 | 152 | 166 |
M18 | 192 | 121 | 154 | 170 | 126 | 137 | 154 | 180 | 186 | 145 | 186 | 203 |
M20 | 245 | 154 | 196 | 217 | 160 | 175 | 196 | 230 | 238 | 185 | 238 | 259 |
M22 | 303 | 191 | 242 | 268 | 198 | 216 | 242 | 284 | 294 | 229 | 294 | 320 |
M24 | 353 | 222 | 282 | 313 | 231 | 252 | 282 | 331 | 343 | 267 | 343 | 373 |
M27 | 459 | 289 | / | / | 300 | 328 | 367 | 430 | 446 | 347 | 446 | 485 |
M30 | 561 | 353 | / | / | 367 | 401 | 449 | 526 | 545 | 425 | 545 | 593 |
M33 | 694 | 437 | / | / | 454 | 496 | 555 | 650 | 674 | 525 | 674 | 734 |
M36 | 817 | 514 | / | / | 534 | 583 | 654 | 766 | 793 | 618 | 793 | 864 |
M39 | 976 | 614 | / | / | 638 | 697 | 781 | 915 | 948 | 739 | 948 | 1032 |
a 保证载荷高于GB/T 3098.15规定的数值,见表3注b。 |
表5a 细牙螺纹螺栓的最小拉力载荷(As,公称×R m,min /kN)
螺纹 规格 d× P | 螺纹应力截面积 As,公称/mm2 | 奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 钢和镍合金钢 | |||||||||||
50 | 70 | KB | YK YB | KG | GA | GB | GC | V | VH VW | S | SD | SB | ||
M8×1 | 39.2 | 19.6 | 27.4 | 20.8 | 19.6 | 23.5 | 27.4 | 33.3 | 33.7 | 31.4 | 35.3 | 25.5 | 35.3 | 39.2 |
M10×1 | 64.5 | 32.3 | 45.2 | 34.2 | 32.3 | 38.7 | 45.2 | 54.8 | 55.7 | 51.6 | 58.1 | 41.9 | 58.1 | 64.5 |
M10×1.25 | 61.2 | 30.6 | 42.8 | 32.4 | 30.6 | 36.7 | 42.8 | 52.0 | 52.6 | 49.0 | 55.1 | 39.8 | 55.1 | 61.2 |
M12×1.25 | 92.1 | 46.1 | 64.5 | 48.8 | 46.1 | 55.3 | 64.5 | 78.3 | 79.2 | 73.7 | 82.9 | 59.9 | 82.9 | 92.1 |
M12×1.5 | 88.1 | 44.1 | 61.7 | 46.7 | 44.1 | 52.9 | 61.7 | 74.9 | 75.8 | 70.5 | 79.3 | 57.3 | 79.3 | 88.1 |
M14×1.5 | 125 | 62.5 | 88 | 66.3 | 62.5 | 75.0 | 87.5 | 106 | 108 | 100 | 113 | 81.3 | 113 | 125 |
M16×1.5 | 167 | 83.5 | 117 | 88.5 | 83.5 | 100 | 117 | 142 | 144 | 134 | 150 | 109 | 150 | 167 |
M18×1.5 | 215 | 108 | 151 | 114 | 108 | 129 | 151 | 183 | 185 | 172 | 194 | 140 | 194 | 215 |
M18×2 | 204 | 102 | 143 | 108 | 102 | 122 | 143 | 173 | 175 | 163 | 184 | 133 | 184 | 204 |
M20×1.5 | 272 | 136 | 190 | 144 | 136 | 163 | 190 | 231 | 234 | 218 | 245 | 177 | 245 | 272 |
M20×2 | 258 | 129 | 181 | 137 | 129 | 155 | 181 | 219 | 222 | 206 | 232 | 168 | 232 | 258 |
M22×1.5 | 333 | 167 | 233 | 176 | 165 | 200 | 233 | 283 | 286 | 266 | 300 | 216 | 300 | 333 |
M22×2 | 318 | 159 | 223 | 169 | 159 | 191 | 223 | 270 | 273 | 254 | 286 | 207 | 286 | 318 |
M24×2 | 384 | 192 | 269 | 204 | 192 | 230 | 269 | 326 | 330 | 307 | 346 | 250 | 346 | 384 |
M27×2 | 496 | 248 | / | 263 | 248 | 298 | 347 | 422 | 427 | 397 | 446 | 322 | 446 | 496 |
M30×2 | 621 | 311 | / | 329 | 311 | 373 | 435 | 528 | 534 | 497 | 559 | 404 | 559 | 621 |
M33×2 | 761 | 381 | / | 403 | 381 | 457 | 533 | 647 | 654 | 609 | 685 | 495 | 685 | 761 |
M36×3 | 865 | 433 | / | 458 | 433 | 519 | 606 | 735 | 744 | 692 | 779 | 562 | 779 | 865 |
M39×3 | 1030 | 515 | / | 546 | 515 | 618 | 721 | 876 | 886 | 824 | 927 | 670 | 927 | 1030 |
表5b 细牙螺纹螺母的最小拉力载荷(As,公称×S p/kN)
螺纹规格 d × P | 螺纹应力截面积 As,公称/mm2 | 奥氏体不锈钢性能等级 | 钢和镍合金钢 | |||||||||
50a | 70a | 80a | KB | Y YK YB | KG | GA GB GC | V VH VW | S | SD | SB | ||
M8×1 | 39.2 | 28.4 | 34.3 | 37.2 | 29.3 | 31.4 | 34.3 | 39.0 | 40.2 | 32.8 | 40.2 | 43.1 |
M10×1 | 64.5 | 46.8 | 56.4 | 61.3 | 48.2 | 51.6 | 56.4 | 64.2 | 66.1 | 54.1 | 66.1 | 71.0 |
M10×1.25 | 61.2 | 44.4 | 53.6 | 58.2 | 45.8 | 49.0 | 53.6 | 60.9 | 62.7 | 51.3 | 62.7 | 67.3 |
M12×1.25 | 92.1 | 66.8 | 80.6 | 87.5 | 68.9 | 73.7 | 80.6 | 91.6 | 94.4 | 77.2 | 94.4 | 101.3 |
M12×1.5 | 88.1 | 63.9 | 77.1 | 83.7 | 65.9 | 70.5 | 77.1 | 87.7 | 90.3 | 73.8 | 90.3 | 96.9 |
M14×1.5 | 125 | 90.6 | 109 | 119 | 93.5 | 100 | 109 | 124 | 128 | 105 | 128 | 138 |
M16×1.5 | 167 | 121 | 146 | 159 | 125 | 134 | 146 | 166 | 171 | 140 | 171 | 184 |
M18×1.5 | 215 | 156 | 188 | 204 | 161 | 172 | 188 | 214 | 220 | 180 | 220 | 237 |
M18×2 | 204 | 148 | 179 | 194 | 153 | 163 | 179 | 203 | 209 | 171 | 209 | 224 |
M20×1.5 | 272 | 197 | 238 | 258 | 203 | 218 | 238 | 271 | 279 | 228 | 279 | 299 |
M20×2 | 258 | 187 | 226 | 245 | 193 | 206 | 226 | 257 | 264 | 216 | 264 | 284 |
M22×1.5 | 333 | 241 | 291 | 316 | 249 | 266 | 291 | 331 | 341 | 279 | 341 | 366 |
M22×2 | 318 | 231 | 278 | 302 | 238 | 254 | 278 | 316 | 326 | 266 | 326 | 350 |
M24×2 | 384 | 278 | 336 | 365 | 287 | 307 | 336 | 382 | 394 | 322 | 394 | 422 |
M27×2 | 496 | 360 | / | / | 371 | 397 | 434 | 494 | 508 | 416 | 508 | 546 |
M30×2 | 621 | 450 | / | / | 465 | 497 | 543 | 618 | 637 | 520 | 637 | 683 |
M33×2 | 761 | 552 | / | / | 569 | 609 | 666 | 757 | 780 | 638 | 780 | 837 |
M36×3 | 865 | 627 | / | / | 647 | 692 | 757 | 861 | 887 | 725 | 887 | 952 |
M39×3 | 1030 | 747 | / | / | 770 | 824 | 901 | 1025 | 1056 | 863 | 1056 | 1133 |
a 保证载荷高于GB/T 3098.15规定的数值,见表3注b。 |
5 检验
5.1 通则
对冷成型或热成型连接件的要求见表2,但材料缩写字母Y(C35E+N)的热成型螺母,应按DIN EN 10269表4进行热处理。
按表1~表3及有关标准的机械性能试验,必须作为制造这些零件的基本要求。
对表2给出的材料或表1中50级,并且不进行热处理的连接件,只有按EN 10269的表4提供了钢棒供应状态的机械性能质保单,才能采用切削加工工艺。此时,可以采用滚压螺纹工艺。
在工厂产品检验时,制造者可按表2对连接件进行维氏硬度测试。而对表1奥氏体连接件不进行硬度测试。
5.2 全承载能力的螺栓
仲裁试验:
对全承载能力并符合表1材料的螺栓,按GB/T 3098.6对螺栓实物进行拉力试验,测定RP0.2,Rm及A。
对全承载能力并符合表2材料的螺栓,按GB/T 3098.1对螺栓实物进行拉力试验,测定Rm(表3)。
5.3 全承载能力的螺母
仲裁试验:
对全承载能力并符合表1或表2材料的螺母,按GB/T 3098.2或GB/T3098.4测定保证载荷(表4b或表5b)。
5.4 降低承载能力的螺栓
仲裁试验:
对降低承载能力并符合表1材料的腰状杆螺栓,按GB/T 228对螺栓实物进行拉力试验测定:RP0.2,Rm, A和Z(按DIN EN 10269)。
对降低承载能力并符合表1材料、头部承载能力较低,且性能均匀的螺栓(如50级,状态按DIN EN 10269为+AT),按GB/T 228对机械加工试件进行拉力试验测定:RP0.2 ,Rm ,A和Z(按DIN EN 10269)。
对降低承载能力并符合表1材料、头部承载能力较低、70 级(状态按DIN EN 10269为+C700)、并经冷作硬化的螺栓,按GB/T 3098.6对螺栓实物进行拉力试验测定最小拉力载荷。
对于降低承载能力并符合表2材料的螺栓,按GB/T 228对机械加工试件进行拉力试验浏定:RP0.2 ,Rm ,A和Z(按DIN EN 10269)。只有当螺栓长度不能进行拉力试验时,才按GB/T 4340.1测试其维氏硬度值(按GB/T 3098.1)。
5.5 降低承载能力的螺母
对降低承载能力并符合表1材料的螺母,按GB/T 3098.2或GB/T 3098.4测定保证载荷。
对降低承载能力并符合表2材料的螺母,按表2及GB/T 4340.1测定维氏硬度。
6 识别标志
符合本部分规定的连接件产品,必须有制造者识别标志,并按表1制出钢的组别和性能等级,或按表2制出制造者识别标志和材料的缩写。如无其他约定,应从GB/T 3098.6、GB/T 3098.15或GB/T 3098.4,或GB/T 13807.2和GB/T 13807.3中选择标志的规定。
对奥氏体螺栓或螺母设计要求一定的材料时,应以材料编号替代按GB/T 3098.6或GB/T 3098.15选择钢的组别。
7 标记
由具有冷韧性或高温强度材料制造的紧固件,应按表1标记钢的组别和性能等级,或表2标记材料的缩写,例如:
螺纹规格d =M30、公称长度L=200mm、L型、材料为A4-70、产品等级为TB级、经表面氧化处理的等长双头螺柱的标记:
螺柱GB/T13807.2 LM30×200-TB-A4-70-氧化
螺纹规格d=M30、公称长度L=200mm、L型、材料为GA、产品等级为TB级、经表面氧化处理的等长双头螺柱的标记:
螺柱GB/T13807.2 LM30×200-TB-GA-氧化
对奥氏体螺栓或螺母设计要求一定的材料时,应以材料编号替代按GB/T 3098.6或GB/T 3098.15选择钢的组别的标记:
螺柱GB/T13807.2 LM30×200-TB-1.4541-70-氧化
表A.1 高温或/和低温紧固件用钢国标与DIN EN 10269材料牌号对照
DIN EN 10269规定的 温度范围 | 材料 | 螺栓和(或)螺母硬度/HV | |||||||
min | 短时间a min | 长时间b max | 缩写 | 编号 | 材料牌号 | 国标材料牌号 | 状态C | min | max |
-120℃ | / | / | KB | 1.5680 | X12Ni5 | / | +NT | 157 | 203 |
+QT | 173 | 235 | |||||||
/ | 400℃ | 500℃ | Yd | 1.1181 | C35E | ML35Mn | +N | 150 | 200 |
/ | 400℃ | 500℃ | YK | 1.1181 | C35E | ML35Mn | +QT | 165 | 210 |
/ | 400℃ | / | YB | 1.5511 | 35B2g | ML35B | +QT | 165 | 210 |
-60℃ | 500℃ | 550℃ | KG | 1.7218 | 25CrMo4 | ML30CrMo | +QT | 195 | 240 |
-100℃ | 500℃ | / | GC | 1.7225 | 42CrMo4 | ML42CrMo | +QT | 275 | 337 |
/ | 500℃ | 550℃ | GA | 1.7709 | 21CrMoV5-7 | 25Cr2MoV | +QT | 225 | 272 |
/ | 600℃ | 550℃ | GB | 1.7711 | 40CrMoV4-6 | 35CrMoV | +QT | 272 | 320 |
/ | 550℃ | 600℃ | Ve | 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 | 21Cr12MoV | +QT 1e | 256 | 303 |
/ | 550℃ | 600℃ | VHf | 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 | 21Cr12MoV | +QT 2f | 287 | 367 |
/ | 600℃ | 600℃ | VW | 1.4913 | X19CrMoNbVN11-1 | 18Cr12MoVNbN | +QT | 287 | 367 |
/ | 650℃ | 670℃ | S | 1.4986 | X7CrNiMoBNb16-16 | / | +WW+P | 210 | 272 |
-196℃ | 650℃ | 650℃ | SD | 1.4980 | X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 | GH2132 | +AT+P | 287 | 367 |
-196℃ | 650℃ | 800℃ | SB | 2.4952 | NiCr20TiAl | GH4080A | +AT+P | 320 | 417 |
注:X12Ni5、X7CrNiMoBNb16-16我国目前尚无对应牌号。 | |||||||||
a 给出屈服强度和抗拉强度的温度上限。 b 给出蠕变极限和持久强度极限的温度上限。 c DIN EN 10269的表4中的各种状态: + N:正火; + NT:正火和回火; + QT:淬火并回火; + WW:热加工硬化; + AT:固溶; + P:时效硬化。 d 仅对螺母。 e 缩写V按DIN EN 10269,材料X22CrMoV12-1规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力RP0.2≥ 600 N/mm2 (+QT1)。 f 缩写VH按DIN EN 10269,材料X22CrMoV12-1规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力RP0.2≥ 600 N/mm2 (+QT2)。 g 也可参阅VdTUV材料分册WB 490。 |
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