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3 标记制度
有色金属螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母性能等级的标记代号如表1 所示。
表1 性能等级的标记代号
性能等级 | CU1 | CU2 | CU3 | CU4 | CU5 | CU6 | CU7 |
AL1 | AL2 | AL3 | AL4 | AL5 | AL6 |
性能等级的标记代号由字母及数字两部分组成;
字母与有色金属材料化学元素符号的字母相同;数字表示性能等级序号。
4 材料
表2 规定了各性能等级适用的有色金属材料牌号。
表2 材料
性能等级 | 材料牌号 | 标准编号 | 性能等级 | 材料牌号 | 标准编号 |
CU1 | T2 | GB 5231 | AL1 | LF2 | GB 3190 |
CU2 | H63 | GB 5232 | AL2 | LF11、LF5 | GB 3190 |
CU3 | HPb58-2 | GB 5232 | AL3 | LF43 | GB 3190 |
CU4 | QSn6.5-0.4 | GB 5233 | AL4 | LY8、LD9 | GB 3190 |
CU5 | QSi1-3 | GB 5233 | AL5 | / | / |
CU6 | / | / | AL6 | LC9 | GB 3190 |
CU7 | QA1-10-4-4 | GB 5233 | / |
根据供需双方协议,当供方能够保证机械性能时,可以采用表2以外的材料。
为保证紧固件符合有关机械性能的要求,由制造者确定是否进行热处理。
5 机械性能
在常温下按第7章规定的方法进行试验时,螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母的机械性能和工作性能应符合表3~表5的规定。
5.1 外螺纹件的机械性能按表3规定。
5.2 螺栓、螺柱和螺钉的最小拉力载荷按表4规定。
5.3 螺栓、螺钉的最小破坏力矩按表5规定。
5.4 螺母的保证载荷按表4规定。
表3 机械性能
性能等级 | 螺纹直径 | 抗拉强度 | 屈服强度 | 伸长率 |
CU1 | ≤39 | 240 | 160 | 14 |
CU2 | ≤6 | 440 | 340 | 11 |
>6~39 | 370 | 250 | 19 | |
CU3 | ≤6 | 440 | 340 | 11 |
>6~39 | 370 | 250 | 19 | |
CU4 | ≤12 | 470 | 340 | 22 |
>12~39 | 400 | 200 | 33 | |
CU5 | ≤39 | 590 | 540 | 12 |
CU6 | >6~39 | 440 | 180 | 18 |
CU7 | >12~39 | 640 | 270 | 15 |
AL1 | ≤10 | 270 | 230 | 3 |
>10~20 | 250 | 180 | 4 | |
AL2 | ≤14 | 310 | 205 | 6 |
>14~36 | 280 | 200 | 6 | |
AL3 | ≤6 | 320 | 250 | 7 |
>6~39 | 310 | 260 | 10 | |
AL4 | ≤10 | 420 | 290 | 6 |
>10~39 | 380 | 260 | 10 | |
AL5 | ≤39 | 460 | 380 | 7 |
AL6 | ≤39 | 510 | 440 | 7 |
表4 螺栓、螺柱和螺钉的最小拉力载荷或螺母的保证载荷
螺纹直径 | 螺距 P | 公称应力截面积 | 性能等级 | ||||||||||||
CU1 | CU2 | CU3 | CU4 | CU5 | CU6 | CU7 | AL1 | AL2 | AL3 | AL4 | AL5 | AL6 | |||
最小拉力载荷A S×σb或保证载荷A S×SP | |||||||||||||||
3 | 0.5 | 5.03 | 1210 | 2210 | 2210 | 2360 | 2970 | / | / | 1360 | 1560 | 1610 | 2110 | 2310 | 2570 |
3.5 | 0.6 | 6.78 | 1630 | 2980 | 2980 | 3190 | 4000 | / | / | 1830 | 2100 | 2170 | 2850 | 3120 | 3460 |
4 | 0.7 | 8.78 | 2110 | 3860 | 3860 | 4130 | 5180 | / | / | 2370 | 2720 | 2810 | 3690 | 4040 | 4480 |
5 | 0.8 | 14.2 | 3410 | 6250 | 6250 | 6670 | 8380 | / | / | 3830 | 4400 | 4540 | 5960 | 6530 | 7240 |
6 | 1 | 20.1 | 4820 | 8840 | 8840 | 9450 | 11860 | / | / | 5430 | 6230 | 6430 | 8440 | 9250 | 10250 |
7 | 1 | 28.9 | 6940 | 10690 | 10690 | 13580 | 17050 | 12720 | / | 7800 | 8960 | 8960 | 12140 | 13290 | 14740 |
8 | 1.25 | 36.6 | 8780 | 13540 | 13540 | 17200 | 21590 | 16100 | / | 9880 | 11350 | 11350 | 15370 | 16840 | 18670 |
10 | 1.5 | 58.0 | 13920 | 21460 | 21460 | 27260 | 34220 | 25520 | / | 15660 | 17980 | 17980 | 24360 | 26680 | 29580 |
12 | 1.75 | 84.3 | 20230 | 31190 | 31190 | 39620 | 49740 | 37090 | / | 21080 | 26130 | 26130 | 32030 | 38780 | 42990 |
14 | 2 | 115 | 27600 | 42550 | 42550 | 46000 | 67850 | 50600 | 73600 | 28750 | 35650 | 35650 | 43700 | 52900 | 58650 |
16 | 2 | 157 | 37680 | 58090 | 58090 | 62800 | 92630 | 69080 | 100500 | 39250 | 43960 | 48670 | 59660 | 72220 | 80070 |
18 | 2.5 | 192 | 46080 | 71040 | 71040 | 76800 | 113300 | 84480 | 122900 | 48000 | 53760 | 59520 | 72960 | 88320 | 97920 |
20 | 2.5 | 245 | 58800 | 90650 | 90650 | 98000 | 144500 | 107800 | 156800 | 61250 | 68600 | 75950 | 93100 | 112700 | 124900 |
22 | 2.5 | 303 | 72720 | 112100 | 112100 | 121200 | 178800 | 13300 | 193900 | / | 84840 | 93930 | 115100 | 139400 | 154500 |
24 | 3 | 353 | 84720 | 130600 | 130600 | 141200 | 208300 | 155300 | 225900 | / | 98840 | 109400 | 134100 | 162400 | 180000 |
27 | 3 | 459 | 110200 | 169800 | 169800 | 183600 | 270800 | 202000 | 293800 | / | 128500 | 142300 | 174400 | 211100 | 234100 |
30 | 3.5 | 561 | 134600 | 207600 | 207600 | 224400 | 331000 | 246800 | 359000 | / | 157100 | 173900 | 213200 | 258100 | 286100 |
33 | 3.5 | 694 | 166600 | 256800 | 256800 | 277600 | / | 305400 | 444200 | / | 194300 | 215100 | 263700 | 319200 | 353900 |
36 | 4 | 817 | 196100 | 302300 | 302300 | 326800 | / | 359500 | 522900 | / | 228800 | 253300 | 310500 | 375800 | 416700 |
39 | 4 | 976 | 234200 | 361100 | 361100 | 390400 | / | 429400 | 624600 | / | / | 302600 | 370900 | 449000 | 497800 |
表5 最小破坏力矩
螺纹直径 | 性 能 等 级 | ||||||||||
CU1 | CU2 | CU3 | CU4 | CU5 | AL1 | AL2 | AL3 | AL4 | AL5 | AL6 | |
最小破坏力矩,N • m | |||||||||||
1.6 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
2 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
2.5 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.27 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.5 |
3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
3.5 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
4 | 1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 |
5 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 4 | 4.5 |
6 机械性能的试验项目
螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母的试验项目应符合表6的规定,否则,应由供需双方协议。
表6 试验项目
螺纹直径 | 试验项目 | |
螺栓、螺钉和螺柱 | 螺母 | |
3~5 | 拉力试验 | 保证载荷试验 |
>5 | 拉力试验; |
7 试验方法
7.1 拉力试验
拉力试验按GB3098.1第8.1和8.2条的规定进行。
7.2 扭矩试验
扭矩试验按GB3098.6第7.2条的规定方法进行。
7.3 螺母保证载荷试验
螺母的保证载荷试验按GB3098.2第8章的有关规定进行。
8 性能等级的标志
8.1 标志代号
在产品上的标志代号应与第3章性能等级的标记代号一致。
8.2 标志要求及方法
8.2.1 螺纹直径≥5mm的螺栓、螺柱及螺母应制出标志。
8.2.2 在螺栓头部顶面用凸字或凹字标志;或在头部侧面用凹字标志。
8.2.3 在螺柱末端端面用凹字标志。
8.2.4 在螺母支承面或侧面用凹字标志,
8.2.5 左旋螺纹的标志按GB 3098.1或GB 3098.2第9.3条的规定。
8.2.6 螺钉的标志按GB 3098.1中第9.2.1~9.2.2条的规定。
8.3 商标(鉴别)
对所有标志性能等级的产品,在产品上必须制出商标(鉴别)。
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