4 化学成分
按本部分生产的自攻螺钉适用的不锈钢化学成分在表2中给出。
注:表2 给出的化学成分与GB/T3098.6-2014 表1有关组别的化学成分是一致的。
除非之前购买者与制造者另有协议,否则在规定的钢的组别范围内的化学成分由制造者选择。
在有晶间腐蚀倾向的场合,推荐按GB/T 4334的规定进行试验。在此情况下,推荐采用稳定型的A3和A5,或者采用含碳量不超过0.03%的A2和A4不锈钢。
表2 不锈钢组别化学成分
类别 | 组别 | 化学成分a(质量分数)/% | 注 | ||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | |||
奥氏体 | A2 | 0.10 | 1 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 15~20 | /b | 8~19 | 4 | cd |
A3 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 17~19 | /b | 9~12 | 1 | e | |
A4 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16~18.5 | 2~3 | 10~15 | 4 | df | |
A5 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 16~18.5 | 2~3 | 10.5~14 | 1 | ef | |
马氏体 | C1 | 0.09~0.15 | 1 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 11.5~14 | / | 1 | / | f |
C3 | 0.17~0.25 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 16~18 | / | 1.5~2.5 | / | / | |
铁素体 | F1 | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 15~18 | /g | 1 | / | hi |
注1:不锈钢的类别和组别,以及涉及其特性和应用的说明,在附录A中给出。 注2:已由ISO 4954标准化了的不锈钢材料示例,分别在附录A和附录B中给出。 注3:某些特殊用途的材料,在附录C中给出。 | |||||||||||
a 除另有表示外,均为最大值。 b 由制造者决定可以有钼含量,但对某些使用场合,如有必要限定钼的极限含量时,则应在订单中由用户注明。 c 如铬含量低于17%,则镍的最小含量应为12%。 d 对最大含碳量达到0.03%的奥氏体不锈钢,氮含量最高可达到0.22%。 e 为稳定组织,钛含量应为≥(5×C%)~ 0.8%,并应按本表适当标志,或者铌和/或钽含量应为≥(10×C%)~ 1.0%,并应按本表规定适当标志。 f 对较大直径的产品,为达到规定的机械性能,由制造者决定可以用较高的含碳量。但对奥氏体钢不应超过0.12%。 g 由制造者决定可以有钼含量。 h 钛含量可能为≥(5×C%)~ 0.8%。 i 铌和/或钽含量应为≥(1O×C%)~ 1.0%。 |
5 机械性能
5.1 通则
5.2~5.5规定的机械性能与工作性能适用于验收检查,并应按6.1~6.4的规定进行试验。
5.2 表面硬度
按6.1的规定进行试验时,马氏体钢螺钉的表面硬度应符合表3的规定。
表3 表面硬度
类别 | 组别 | 性能等级 | 表面硬度 HV min |
马氏体 | C1 | 30H | 300 |
C3 | 40H | 400 |
5.3 芯部硬度
按6.2的规定进行试验时,奥氏体和铁素体钢自攻螺钉的芯部硬度应符合表4的规定。如有争议,应按5.5条规定的工作性能进行产品的验收检查。
表4 芯部硬度
类别 | 组别 | 硬度等级 | 芯部硬度 HVa min |
奥氏体 | A2、A3、A4、A5 | 20H | 200 |
25H | 250 | ||
铁素体 | F1 | 25H | 250 |
a 螺纹规格≤ST3.9,应使用5HV;螺纹规格>ST3.9,应使用10HV。 |
5.4 抗扭强度
按6.3的规定进行试验时,不锈钢自攻螺钉的破坏扭矩应等于或大于表5对各硬度等级分别给出的最小扭矩值。
5.5 螺纹成形能力
按6.4的规定拧入试验板时,不锈钢自攻螺钉应能攻出与其匹配的内螺纹,而螺钉的螺纹不应损坏。
6 试验方法
6.1 表面硬度试验
本试验适用于马氏体钢自攻螺钉。
维氏硬度试验应按GB/T 4340.1的规定进行。
棱锥压痕应压在平面上,并优先在螺钉头部进行。
6.2 芯部硬度试验
本试验适用于奥氏体和铁素体钢自攻螺钉。
维氏芯部硬度试验按GB/T 4340.1的规定,并应在距螺钉末端有足够距离(应有完整的螺纹小径)的横截面的1/2 半径处进行。
6.3 破坏扭矩试验
使用图2所示的装置施加己确定的破坏扭矩 MB 。该扭矩测量仪器的误差不应大于测量的最小扭矩值的±6%。
经尺寸等检验合格的自攻螺钉试件的螺纹部分(有镀层或无镀层的)应夹紧在螺钉螺纹相匹配的开合螺纹模具或其他装置内;螺钉夹紧部分不应损伤,且至少有两扣完整螺纹伸出夹紧装置、除螺钉末端外至少有两扣完整螺纹夹紧在夹具内。夹紧装置应有带内螺纹的盲孔夹具(图2),孔的深度应保证断裂发生在完整螺纹部分。
对螺钉施加扭矩,直至断裂。螺钉试件应符合表5规定的最小破坏扭矩。
表5 最小破坏扭矩
螺纹 | 破坏扭矩 MB , min | |||
硬度等级 | ||||
20H | 25H | 30H | 40H | |
ST2.2 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.6 |
ST2.6 | 0.64 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
ST2.9 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
ST3.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2 |
ST3.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
ST3.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
ST4.2 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
ST4.8 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.9 |
ST5.5 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 10.8 |
ST6.3 | 11.4 | 14.2 | 15.9 | 17.7 |
ST8 | 23.5 | 29.4 | 32.9 | 36.5 |
说明:
1一一螺纹模或衬套;
2一一盲孔内螺纹;
3一一螺纹开合模。
图2 破坏扭矩 M B的测试装置
6.4 拧入性能试验
经尺寸等检验合格的自攻螺钉试件(有镀层或无镀层的)应拧入试验板内,直至有一扣完整螺纹完全通过试验板。
奥氏体和铁素体钢自攻螺钉的拧入性能试验,应使用由铝合金制成的、硬度为80 HV30 ~ 120 HV30 的试验板。
马氏体钢自攻螺钉的拧入性能试验,应使用由含碳量≤0.23% 的低碳钢制成的、硬度为130 HV30 ~ 170 HV30 (按GB/T 4340.l 测定)的试验板。
试验板的厚度应符合表6给出的数值。
试验孔可由钻孔或先冲孔再钻孔,或先冲孔再铰孔制成,其孔径按表6规定。
表6 试验板的厚度和孔径
螺纹 | 试验板的厚度/mm | 孔径/mm | ||
Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | |
ST2.2 | 1.17 | 1.30 | 1.905 | 1.955 |
ST 2.6 | 1.17 | 1.30 | 2.185 | 2.235 |
ST2.9 | 1.17 | 1.30 | 2.415 | 2.465 |
ST3.3 | 1.17 | 1.30 | 2.680 | 2.730 |
ST3.5 | 1.85 | 2.06 | 2.920 | 2.970 |
ST3.9 | 1.85 | 2.06 | 3.240 | 3.290 |
ST4.2 | 1.85 | 2.06 | 3.430 | 3.480 |
ST4.8 | 3.10 | 3.23 | 4.015 | 4.065 |
ST5.5 | 3.10 | 3.23 | 4.735 | 4.785 |
ST6.3 | 4.67 | 5.05 | 5.475 | 5.525 |
ST8 | 4.67 | 5.05 | 6.885 | 6.935 |
表A.1 铁素体-奥氏体组织钢的成分示例
钢的类别 | 化学成分(质量分数)/% | ||||||
C,max | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | |
铁素体-奥氏体 | 0.03 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 18.5 | 5 | 2.7 | 0.07 |
0.03 | <1 | <2 | 22 | 5.5 | 3 | 0.14 |
表B.1 冷辙和冷挤压用不锈钢
类型标记a | 化学成分(质量分数)/% | 组别标记c | ||||||||||
序号 | 名称 | ISO 4954:1979 | C | Si max | Mn max | P max | S max | Cr | Mn | Ni | 其他 | |
铁素体钢 | ||||||||||||
71 | X3 Cr 17 E |
| ≤0.04 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 16.0~18.0 | 0.90~13.0 | ≤1.0 |
| F1 |
72 | X6 Cr 17 E | D1 | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 16.0~18.0 | ≤1.0 | F1 | ||
73 | X6 CrMo 17 1 E | D2 | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 16.0~18.0 | ≤1.0 | F1 | ||
74 | X6 CrTi 12 E | / | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 10.5~12.5 | ≤0.50 | Ti:6×%C≤1.0 | F1 | |
75 | X6 CrNb 12 E | / | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 10.0~12.5 | ≤0.50 | Nb:6×%C≤1.0 | F1 | |
马氏体钢 | ||||||||||||
76 | X12 Cr 13 E | D10 | 0.90~0.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 11.5~13.5 |
| ≤1.0 |
| C1 |
77 | X19 CrNi 16 2 E | D12 | 0.14~0.23 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 15.0~17.5 | 1.5~2.5 | C3 | ||
奥氏体钢 | ||||||||||||
78 | X2 CrNi 18 10 E | D20 | ≤0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 9.0~12.0 |
| A2d |
79 | X5 CrNi 18 9 E | D21 | ≤0.07 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 8.0~11.0 |
| A2 |
80 | X10 CrNi 18 9 E | D22 | ≤0.12 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 8.0~10.0 |
| A2 |
81 | X5 CrNi 18 12 E | D23 | ≤0.07 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 11.0~13.0 |
| A2 |
82 | X6 CrNi 18 16 E | D25 | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 15.0~17.0 | 2.0~2.5 | 17.0~19.0 |
| A2 |
83 | X6 CrNiTi 18 10 E | D26 | ≤0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 | 2.0~2.5 | 9.0~12.0 | Ti:5×%C≤0.80 | A3e |
84 | X5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 E | D29 | ≤0.037 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5~18.5 | 2.5~3.0 | 10.5~13.5 |
| A4 |
85 | X6 CrNiMo Ti 17 12 2 E | D30 | ≤0.08 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5~18.5 | 2.5~3.0 | 11.0~14.0 | Ti:5×%C≤0.80 | A5 e |
86 | X2 CrNiMo 17 13 3 E | / | ≤0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5~18.5 |
| 11.5~14.5 |
| A4d |
87 | X2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 E | / | ≤0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5~18.5 |
| 11.5~14.5 | N:0.12×%C≤0.22 | A4d |
88 | X3 CrNiCu 18 9 3 E | D32 | ≤0.04 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 8.5~10.5 | Cu: 3.00~4.00 | A2 |
a 第1列的标记是顺序编号。第2列的标记是根据ISO/TC17/SC2建议的标记制度。第3列的标记是在 ISO 4954:1979(1993修订)中使用并已作废的编号。 b 本表未列出的元素,未经用户同意,不能增加,除非要精炼。应采用合理的预防措施,以防止某些元素(来自制造过程中混入的废料或其他金属)的增加,因为这些元素会影响材料的淬透性、机械性能和使用性能。 c 不是 ISO 4954 的内容。 d 有极好的耐晶间腐蚀性。 e 稳定型钢。 |
表C.1 耐氯化物导致应力腐蚀的奥氏体不锈钢
奥氏体不锈钢 | 化学成分(质量分数)/% | |||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | |
X2CrNiMoN17-13-5 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.015 | 0.12~0.22 | 16.5~18.5 | 4.0~5.0 | 12.5~14.5 |
|
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 | 0.020 | 0.70 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | ≤0.15 | 19.0~21.0 | 4.0~5.0 | 24.0~26.0 | 1.20~2.00 |
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-7 | 0.020 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.15~0.25 | 19.0~21.0 | 6.0~7.0 | 24.0~26.0 | 0.50~1.50 |
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3a | 0.030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.10~0.22 | 21.0~23.0 | 2.5~3.5 | 4.5~6.5 |
|
a 奥氏体-铁素体不锈钢 |
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