5. 1 一般要求
5. 1. 1 有粘附层的螺栓拧人螺母或螺孔时,螺母和螺孔应倒角。
5. 1. 2 有粘附层的螺栓拧紧过程应不超过 5 min。
5 . 1. 3 推荐固化温度不小于10 ℃。
注:当固化温度小于 10 ℃ 时,将延长固化时间,当固化温度小于 0 ℃ 时,将导致不能简化。
5. 1.4 有粘附层的螺栓不应重复使用。当采用新的有粘附层螺栓时,应采用新的螺母;或先使用丝锥将原有螺孔或焊接螺母的残余粘附层清除后,再采用新的有粘附层螺栓。
5. 1. 5 有粘附层螺栓应防潮,在正常保管的情况下,应保证至少 4 年内性能要求不发生变化。如果有粘附层螺栓性能要求未发生变化,则粘附层的颜色变化应不影响有粘附层蝶栓的性能要求。
5.2 预涂部位及长度
5. 2. 1 基本要求。
5.2.1.1 应确保螺栓和试验螺母拧紧后的旋合部位位于粘附层长度范围内。
5.2.1.2 粘附层的残余物不应影响螺栓的旋入。
5.2.2 标准预涂。
螺栓标准预涂部位及粘附层长度按下图中的规定.尺寸 α 范围内不应有粘附层。
5.2.3 特殊预涂。
对于螺绞旋合长度大于 1d 、机械性能等级低于 8. 8 或头部承载能力低的螺栓,应根据机械性能等级或试验确定预涂部位及粘附层长度。
螺栓特殊预涂部位及粘附层长度按下图的规定。尺寸 α 范围内不应有粘附层。
5.3 锁固要求
5.3.1 技术要求.
粘附层在不同环境条件下的扭矩要求、扭矩试验方法及相应的应用场合按 表1 的规定。
表 1
类 型 | 环 境 条 件 | 扭 矩 要 求 | 扭矩试验方法 | 应 用 场 合 | ||||||
预紧螺栓连接 | 不预紧螺栓连接 | A | S | B | ||||||
紧固扭矩 TA 松动扭矩 TLB≥0.9TA 拧出扭矩 Tout | 拧入扭矩 Tin 松动扭矩 TLB 拧出扭矩 Tout | |||||||||
性 能a | 耐 温 性 | 室温 | 23 ℃ ± 5 ℃,相对湿度不大于 65% | 表 2 | 表 3 | 6.3 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
高温 | 100 ℃放置 3 h | 表 2 | 表 3 | ○ | ○ | ─ | ||||
150 ℃放置 3 h | ─ | ─ | ○ | |||||||
长时间室温 | 100 ℃放置 1000 h | ─ | 表 3 | ○ | ○ | ─ | ||||
150 ℃放置 1000 h | ─ | ─ | ○ | |||||||
耐 腐 蚀b | 室温(23 ℃ ± 5 ℃)下在燃油中放置 7 天 | 表 2 | ─ | 6.4 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
90 ℃的冷却液、水、乙二醇中放置 7 天,再冷却至室温(23 ℃ ± 5 ℃) | ||||||||||
120 ℃的油、润滑油、液压油中放置 7 天,再冷却至室温(23 ℃ ± 5 ℃) | ||||||||||
90 ℃的制动液中放置 7 天,再冷却至室温(23 ℃ ± 5 ℃) | ||||||||||
螺纹摩擦因数c | 有粘附层螺栓的螺纹摩擦因数范围 | μs = 0.10~0.16 | 6.5 | ○ | ─ | ○ | ||||
系 统d (扭矩) | 无 润 滑 表 面 | 室温 | 23 ℃ ± 5 ℃,相对湿度不大于 65% | 表 2 | 表 3 | 6.3 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
高温 | 100 ℃放置 3 h | ○ | ○ | ─ | ||||||
100 ℃放置 3 h | ─ | ─ | ○ | |||||||
润 滑 表 面f | 室温e | 23 ℃ ± 5 ℃,相对湿度不大于 65% | 有粘附层 | 表 2 | 表 3 | 6.3、图3 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |
无粘附层 | TL > 0. 4 TA | ─ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||
高温 | 100 ℃放置 3 h | 有粘附层 | TLB > (0. 44~0.48) TA | ─ | ○ | ○ | ─ | |||
无粘附层 | TL > 0. 4 TA | ─ | ○ | ○ | ─ | |||||
150 ℃放置 3 h | 有粘附层 | TLB > (0. 44~0.48) TA | ─ | ─ | ─ | ○ | ||||
无粘附层 | TL > 0. 4 TA | ─ | ─ | ─ | ○ |
注: 如果在螺栓的锌片涂层、封闭剂、渗有润滑材料的涂料或另涂润滑油的表面上施加粘附层时,会影响粘附层的附着强度。
a. 性能试险由粘附层制造商实施,作为粘附层的型式试验。
b. 其他介质和存放温度由供需双方协商确定。
c. 作为系统要求,仅适用于量产件首检。应注意螺纹摩擦因数试验对螺纹长度的限制。
d. 系统试验由粘附层施加方实施,作为批量生产过程的试验。在争议情况下应采用 6.3 。
e. 粘附层在高温下无法满足表 2 或表 3 的规定。
f. 若在润滑表面上增加粘附层,粘附层的试验按图 3 规定。
5.3.2 扭矩值。
5.3.2.1 室温( 23 ℃ 士5 ℃,相对湿度不大于65% )、高温(100 ℃和150 ℃)条件下,预紧螺栓连接的扭矩值按 表 2 的规定。
表 2 单位:N•m
螺 纹 规 格 | 紧固扭矩 TAa | 松动扭矩 TLB ≥ 0.9 TA | 拧出扭矩 Toutb | ||||
5.6、5.8 | 8.8、10.9、12.9 | 5.6、5.8 | 8.8、10.9、12.9 | max | |||
M3 | ─ | ─ | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
M4 | ─ | ─ | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
M5 | ─ | ─ | 2.6 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 6.5 |
M6 | ─ | ─ | 4.5 | 9.5 | 4.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 |
M8 | M8×1 | ─ | 11.0 | 23.0 | 9.9 | 20.7 | 26.0 |
M10 | M10×1.25 | ─ | 22.0 | 46.0 | 19.8 | 41.4 | 55.0 |
M12 | M12×1.25 | M12×1.5 | 38.0 | 79.0 | 34.2 | 71.1 | 95.0 |
M14 | M14×1.5 | ─ | 60.0 | 125.0 | 54.0 | 112.5 | 160.0 |
M16 | M16×1.5 | ─ | 90.0 | 195.0 | 81.0 | 175.5 | 250.0 |
M18 | M18×1.5 | M18×2 | 128.0 | 280.0 | 115.0 | 252.0 | 335.0 |
M20 | M20×1.5 | M20×2 | 176.0 | 390.0 | 158.0 | 351.0 | 500.0 |
M22 | M22×1.5 | M22×2 | 240.0 | 530.0 | 216.0 | 477.0 | 800.0 |
M24 | M24×2 | ─ | 310.0 | 670.0 | 279.0 | 603.0 | 1050.0 |
注: 1. 当旋合长度< 0.8d 时,可减小松动扭矩 TB 值,减小值由供需双方协商。
2. 当螺纹无法避免沾有油、油脂这类润滑材料时,松动扭矩 TLB应小于本表规定值。
3. 不锈钢螺栓的扭矩值按本表 5.6 或 5.8 级的规定。
a. 根据总摩擦因数 μ=0.12 和 90% ReL(5.6级)的最小值或 90% RPf 的最小值(5.8级)或 90% RP0.2 的最小值 (8.8级、10.9级和12.9级)
确定(见 GB/T 3098.1)。
b. 用于保护被拆卸的紧固件。
5.3.2.2 室温( 23 ℃ 士5 ℃,相对湿度不大于 65% )、高温( 100 ℃ 和 150 ℃)条件下,不预紧螺栓连接的扭矩值按 表 3 的规定。
表 3 单位:N•m
螺 纹 规 格 | 拧入扭矩 Tin | 松动扭矩 TLB | 拧出扭矩 Tout | ||
max | min | max | |||
M3 | ─ | ─ | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
M4 | ─ | ─ | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.0 |
M5 | ─ | ─ | 0.5 | 1.0 | 6.5 |
M6 | ─ | ─ | 0.8 | 1.8 | 10.0 |
M8 | M8×1 | ─ | 1.5 | 4.0 | 26.0 |
M10 | M10×1.25 | ─ | 3.0 | 10.0 | 55.0 |
M12 | M12×1.25 | M12×1.5 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 95.0 |
M14 | M14×1.5 | ─ | 9.0 | 22.0 | 160.0 |
M16 | M16×1.5 | ─ | 11.0 | 35.0 | 250.0 |
M18 | M18×1.5 | M18×2 | 12.0 | 40.0 | 335.0 |
M20 | M20×1.5 | M20×2 | 14.0 | 45.0 | 500.0 |
M22 | M22×1.5 | M22×2 | 16.0 | 65.0 | 800.0 |
M24 | M24×2 | ─ | 18.0 | 90.0 | 1050.0 |
注:当螺纹无法避免沾有油、油脂这类润滑材料时,松动扭矩 TLB 应小于本表规定值。
5.4 密封要求
有粘附层的螺栓与螺孔或螺母旋合后应能承受 0.1 MPa 压力下保持 2 min 不泄漏。
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