3.1 材料、热处理和表面处理按表1规定。
表1
材料 | 热处理 | 表面处理 | ||
种类 | 牌号 | 标准号 | ||
弹簧钢 | 材料牌号由 | GB/T 1222 | 淬火并回火 | 电镀技术要求按 GB/T 5267.1; |
YB/T 5063 | ||||
其他标准 | ||||
1. 垫圈电镀后,需立即进行驱氢处理。 |
3.2 永久变形
应对锥形弹性垫圈施加表中规定的试验载荷, 保持2 min。
锥形弹性垫圈自由高度(压力试验后的高度)应不低于表2规定的数值。
表2 永久变形试验
规格(螺栓公称直径) | 试验载荷 | 最小自由高度 | |
GB/T 956.3 | GB/T 9074.31a | ||
2 | 0.92 | 0.5 | / |
2.5 | 1.54 | 0.6 | 0.61 |
3 | 2.35 | 0.7 | 0.72 |
3.5 | 3.16 | 0.9 | 0.92 |
4 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 1.12 |
5 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 1.35 |
6 | 10.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
7 | 14.8 | 2 | / |
8 | 18.6 | 2.2 | 2.24 |
10 | 29.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
12 | 43 | 3.4 | 3.43 |
14 | 59.1 | 4 | / |
16 | 80.9 | 4.6 | / |
18 | 102 | 5.1 | / |
20 | 130 | 5.6 | / |
22 | 162 | 6.1 | / |
24 | 188 | 6.8 | / |
27 | 246 | 7.8 | / |
30 | 300 | 8 | / |
a. 对螺钉组合件用垫圈的偏差, 按相应产品标准的规定。在相应产品标准中以螺纹规格代替内径作为公称规格。 |
3.3 持续载荷
将10个锥形弹性垫圈方向交替地穿在螺栓上, 用平垫圈将各锥形弹性垫圈相互隔开。平垫圈的硬度应大于500 HV。施加表2规定的试验载荷、温度为100℃ 的状态下保持48 h。锥形弹性垫圈不应有裂痕,试验后自由高度的减小量不应大于表2规定值的2%。
3.4 弹性
为评定锥形弹性垫圈的弹力应进行弹性试验。本试验规定了允许的残余弹力。
将垫圈试件置于试验装置上, 施加表2规定的试验载荷。试验装置在施加载荷时尽可能不产生变形。压板表面硬度不小于60 HRC。试验载荷持续2 min后,缓慢、平稳地卸载至锥形弹性垫圈产生20μm位移。该位移应采用精确的测量装置进行测量。产生20μm位移后的残余弹力应达到表3规定的数值。应允许试验装置的变形。
表3 最小残余弹力
规格(螺栓公称直径)a | 试验载荷 b | 最小残余弹力 |
4 | 4.4 | 1.4 |
5 | 7.2 | 2.3 |
6 | 10.2 | 4.2 |
7 | 14.8 | 6.2 |
8 | 18.6 | 7.7 |
10 | 29.6 | 12.4 |
12 | 43 | 18 |
14 | 59.1 | 25 |
16 | 80.9 | 34 |
18 | 102 | 57 |
20 | 130 | 73 |
22 | 162 | 91 |
24 | 188 | 122 |
27 | 246 | 161 |
30 | 300 | 196 |
a. 对螺钉组合件用垫圈的偏差,按相应产品标准的规定。在相应产品标准中以螺纹规格代替内径作为公称规格。 b. 该试验载荷相当于8.8级,μG =0.12。 |
表4 残余弹力
垫圈类型 | 标准 | 试验载荷 对应的性能等级 | 20μm位移后残余弹力 |
锥形弹性垫圈 | GB/T 956.3 | 8.8 | 对规格4~5:35% |
GB/T 9074.31 |
4.1 弹性垫圈尺寸与表面处理技术要求应按合格质量水平AQL=1.5 ( GB/T 90.1 )进行验收检查:内径、厚度、自由高度、外径、同轴度。
4.2.2 维氏硬度试验应按GB/T 4340.1的规定;洛氏硬度试验应按GB/T 230.1的规定;硬度试验应尽可能在垫圈表面中间处实施。如有争议,应使用维氏硬度进行仲裁试验。
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