4.1 栓接连接副的性能取决于其规定的零件性能,如表1所示。
表1 各种栓接连接副的构成
项目 | 栓接连接副 HR | 栓接连接副 HV |
通用要求 | GB/T 32076.1 | |
预载荷适应性试验 | GB/T 32076.2,如有附加试验应在产品标准中规定 | |
螺栓和螺母 | GB/T 32076.3 | GB/T 32076.4、GB/T 32076.7 |
螺栓标志 | HR | HV |
螺母标志 | HR | HV |
性能等级 | 8.8/8 | 10.9/10 |
垫圈 | GB/T 32076.5 或 GB/T 32076.6 | GB/T 32076.6 |
垫圈标志 | HR | HV |
在10.9级螺栓的制造过程,尤其是涂镀过程中,应有预防氢脆风险的措施。当氢脆风险不可避免时,应考虑适当的工艺措施。10.9级螺栓应采用滚压螺纹。
热浸镀锌螺母应先镀锌,后攻丝,且不应重复攻丝(再回丝)。
表面处理和涂镀层,应按栓接连接副产品标准的规定。
一套栓接连接副中的所有零件涂镀层应一致,并有相同的耐腐蚀性。
每一个零件的涂镀工艺,都应受栓接连接副制造者的控制。
4.2.1 螺栓和螺母
螺栓和螺母的尺寸与公差应按5.1.1的规定。
为降低氢脆及其他氢致失效风险,对10.9级螺栓,头下圆角半径应符合GB/T 32076.3、 GB/T 32076.4和GB/T 32076.7的规定。
HR型螺栓,见GB/T 32076.3,由于螺纹太短,未旋合的螺纹长度小于4个螺距时,应制成全螺纹。
尺寸、形状和位置公差应符合订单和产品标准的规定。所有要求适用于涂镀前。
螺纹公差应符合:
——6g:不经处理的螺栓;
——6g:螺栓涂镀前;
——6H:不经处理的螺母;
——6AZ:螺母热浸镀锌(见GB/T 5267.3)。
其他涂镀层的螺母螺纹公差应按相关涂镀层技术条件的规定。
4.2.2 垫圈应按5.1.2 的规定。
4.3 零件机械性能
4.3.1 螺栓规定非比例延伸0.2%的应力应按GB/T 3098.1进行试验,其结果应符合 GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4 或GB/T 32076.7 的规定。
4.3.2 螺栓应按 GB/T 3098.1进行拉力试验,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
4.3.3 螺栓保证载荷试验应按GB/T 3098.1进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
螺母保证载荷试验应按GB/T 3098.2进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定(如有需要,还应符合特殊技术要求)。
4.3.4 螺栓楔负载试验应按GB/T 3098.1进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
4.3.5 螺栓冲击吸收能量试验应按GB/T 3098.1进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
4.3.6 螺栓硬度试验应按GB/T 3098.1进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
螺母硬度试验应按GB/T 3098.2进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
垫圈硬度试验应按GB/T 4340.1进行,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4或GB/T 32076.7的规定。
4.4 栓接连接副性能
4.4.1 栓接连接副扭矩系数k应按GB/T32076.2进行试验。
扭矩系数k的技术要求应按产品标准的规定。
对交付栓接连接副的扭矩系数k,应按表2规定的K等级之一进行验收。ki、km和Vk在产品标准中规定。按K2级规定的栓接连接副,,仅按4.6a)提供产品。
表2 K等级
K等级 | 提供的信息 |
K0 | 不要求k系数 |
K1 | 单个试验值的范围k |
K2 | 平均试验值k |
4.4.2 栓接连接副预载荷适应性应按GB/T 32076.2和表3进行评定。
——HR型栓接连接副:按GB/T 32076.3;
——HV型栓接连接副:按GB/T 32076.4、GB/T32076.7。
表3 预载荷适应性与引用标准
预载荷适应性 | 引用标准 |
螺栓轴力Fbi max a | HR型大六角头:按GB/T 32076.3 |
a. 按GB/T 32076.2规定的拧紧试验过程中,螺栓受力的最大值。 |
4.4.3 栓接连接副的特性,尤其是扭矩系数,应采用适当的贮藏条件,以保持产品的交货状态。
4.4.4 本部分规定的产品,不应包含或排放超过法规规定限值的有害物质。
有害物质的释放程度可由测量所使用材料中该物质的含量间接评定。
4.5 栓接连接副零件标志
表4 栓接连接副零件的性能等级标志
产品标准 | 螺栓 | 螺母 | 垫圈 |
GB/T 32076.3 | 8.8 HR | 8 HR或10 HR | HR |
GB/T 32076.3 | 10.9 HR | 10 HR | HR |
GB/T 32076.4 | 10.9 HV | 10 HV | HV |
GB/T 32076.5 | / | / | HR |
GB/T 32076.6 | / | / | HR或HV |
GB/T 32076.7 | 10.9 HV | 10 HV | HV |
5.1.1 螺栓和螺母应按GB/T 3103.1实施评定,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.3、GB/T 32076.4和GB/T 32076.7规定的产品等级的要求。
尺寸与公差应由符合表5、表6要求的量规或测量器具进行检查。
表5 螺栓
尺寸a | 精度/mm | 量具 |
对边宽度s | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
对角宽度e | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
头高k | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
杆径ds | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
公称长度l | ≤ 0.1 | 测量器具 |
无螺纹杆部长度ls | ≤ 0.1 | 测量器具 |
从支承面到第一个完整螺纹的距离lg | ≤ 0.1 | 测量器具 |
螺纹尺寸 | / | 量规 |
头下圆角半径r | / | 量规 |
槽深t | ≤ 0.1 | 测量器具 |
a. 尺寸代号与标记按GB/T 5276的规定。 |
表6 螺母
尺寸a | 精度/mm | 量具 |
对边宽度s | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
对角宽度e | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
螺母高度m | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
螺纹尺寸 | / | 量规 |
a. 尺寸代号与标记按GB/T 5276的规定。 |
5.1.2 垫圈应按GB/T3103.3实施评定,其结果应符合GB/T 32076.5、GB/T 32076.6或GB/T32076.7规定的要求。
零件公差应由符合表7要求的量规或测量器具进行检查。
表7 垫圈
尺寸a | 精度/mm | 量具 |
孔径 | ≤ 0.1/— | 测量器具/量规 |
外径 | ≤ 0.1 | 测量器具/量规 |
厚度 | ≤ 0.05 | 测量器具 |
a. 尺寸代号与标记按GB/T 32076.5或GB/T 32076.6的规定。 |
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