螺栓、螺母、垫圈的性能等级和推荐材料按表1的规定。
表1
类 别 | 性能等级 | 推荐材料 | 材料标准号 |
螺栓 | 10.9S | 20MnTiB | GB 3077 |
螺母 | 10H | 45、35 | GB 699 |
15MnVB | GB 3077 | ||
垫圈 | HRC 35~45 | 45、35 | GB 699 |
试件机械性能:制造者应对螺栓原材料取样进行拉力试验,其结果应符合表2的规定。根据用户要求可进行材料的常温冲击韧性试验,其结果应符合表2的规定。
表2
抗拉强度σb | 屈服强度σ0.2 | 伸长率δ5 | 收缩率ψ | 冲击值αk | |
max | min | min | min | min | min |
1240 | 1040 | 940 | 10 | 42 | 59 |
实物机械性能:对螺栓实物进行楔负载试验时,当拉力载荷在表3规定的范围内,断裂应发生在螺纹部分或螺纹与螺杆交接处。
表3
螺纹规格 d | 公称应力截面积 As | 性能等级 10.9S | |
拉力载荷(As×σb),N | |||
min | max | ||
M16 | 157 | 163000 | 195000 |
M20 | 245 | 255000 | 304000 |
M22 | 303 | 315000 | 376000 |
M24 | 353 | 367000 | 438000 |
硬度:当螺栓L/d≤3时,如不能做楔负载试验,应进行芯部硬度试验。芯部硬度值应符合表4的规定。
表4
性能等级 | 硬 度 | |||
洛氏 HRC | 维氏 HV30 | |||
min | max | min | max | |
10.9S | 33 | 39 | 312 | 367 |
螺栓的脱碳层按GB 3098.1表3的有关规定。
表5 螺母的保证载荷
螺纹规格 D | 公称应力截面积As mm2 | 性能等级 10H | |
保证应力 Sp | 保证载荷(As×Sp) | ||
M16 | 157 | 1040 | 183000 |
M20 | 245 | 1040 | 255000 |
M22 | 303 | 1040 | 315000 |
M24 | 353 | 1040 | 367000 |
表6 螺母硬度
性能等级 | 硬度 | |||
洛氏 HRB | 洛氏 HRC | 维氏HV30 | ||
min | max | min | max | |
10.9S | 98 | 28 | 222 | 274 |
垫圈的硬度应为HV30329~436(HRC 35~45)。
表7 连接副紧固轴力
螺纹规格 | M16 | M20 | M22 | M24 | |
每批紧固轴力的 平均值(KN) | 公称 | 109 | 170 | 211 | 245 |
min | 99 | 154 | 191 | 222 | |
max | 120 | 186 | 231 | 270 | |
紧固轴力标准偏差σ≤ | 1.01 | 1.57 | 1.95 | 2.27 |
当L小于表8数值时,可不进行紧固轴力试验。
表8
螺纹规格 | M16 | M20 | M22 | M24 |
L | 60 | 60 | 65 | 70 |
螺纹的基本尺寸按GB 196粗牙普通螺纹的规定。螺栓螺纹公差带按GB 197的6g,螺母螺纹公差带按GB 197的6H。
螺纹牙侧表面粗糙度Ra的最大值为12.5μm。
螺栓、螺母的表面缺陷分别按GB 5779.1、GB5779.2的规定。
垫圈表面不允许有裂纹、毛刺、浮锈和影响使用的凹痕、划伤。
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